华慧考博:阅读理解如何转换角色进行有效阅读？

华慧考博 · 发表于 2021-8-17 11:24:03

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在做阅读理解时，很多学生喜欢直接定位，只看对应的句子进行判断。这种方式虽然比较省时，但不利于阅读能力的提升，可能会只见树木，不见森林，容易被出题人牵着鼻子走。在备考阶段，我们应该站在作者的角度，思考句与句，段与段之间的逻辑关系，思考每句话应该要传达给读者的信息，从而在完全理解了文章大意和目的意图的基础上去做题。同时还需要站在命题者的角度，分析如何将正确选项和原文进行替换，如何设置错误选项来干扰考生。从这两种角色中转化，我们才能不落入题海战术，才能找到阅读理解的做题思路。下面华慧考博老师以2017年医学真题阅读第二篇为例来分析错误选项的特点。
This issue of Science contains announcements for more than 100 different Gorgon Research Conferences, on topics that range from atomic physics to developmental biology.（作者通过最近发表的期刊开篇点题，谈到Gorgon Research Conferences以及会议涉及的话题The brainchild（某人的主意）of Neil Gordon of Johns Hopkins University, these week-long meetings are designed to promote intimate, informal discussions of frontier science. Often confined to fewer than 125 attendees, they have traditionally been held in remote places with minimal distractions（细节支撑，进一步说明会议的目的，人数，时间和地点In the 1960s, I attended the summer Nucleic Acids Gordon Conference in rural New Hampshire, sharing austere （简朴的）dorm facilities in a private boy’s school with randomly assigned roommates. As a beginning scientist, I found the question period after each talk especially fascinating, providing valuable insights into the personalities and ways of thinking of many senior scientists whom I had not encountered previously. Back then, there were no cell-phones and no Internet, and all of the speakers seemed to stay for the entire week（作者回忆自己参加这类回忆的亲身经历和感受）During the long, free afternoons, graduate students mingled freely with professors. Many lifelong friendships were begun, and — as Gordon intended — new scientific collaborations began. Leap forward to today, and every scientist can gain immediate access to a vast store of scientific thought and to millions of other scientists via the Internet. （作者高度赞扬这次会议的深远意义）Why, nevertheless, do in-person scientific meetings remain so valuable for a life in science?（作者反思为什么这类面对面的科学会议对科学生涯仍有如此高的价值）
Part of the answer is that science works best when there is a deep mutual trust and understanding between the collaborators, which is hard to develop from a distance. But most important is the critical role that face-to-face scientific meetings play in stimulating a random collision of ideas and approaches.（作者对第一段问题的回答，认为是相互信任和理解以及观点和方法的随意碰撞） The best science occurs when someone combines the knowledge gained by other scientists in non-obvious ways to create a new understanding of how the world works. A successful scientist needs to deeply believe, whatever the problem being tackled, that there is always a better way to approach that problem than the path currently being taken. The scientist is then constantly on the alert for new paths to take in his or her work, which is essential for making breakthroughs.（细节支撑句，作者运用一些事实来揭示他的观点） Thus, as much as possible, scientific meetings should be designed to expose the attendees to ways of thinking and techniques that are different from the ones that they already know.（作者得出结论---科学会议应该让与会者接触到不同于他们已经知道的思维方式和技术。）
1. Assembled at Gordon Research Conference are those who______.
A. are physicists and biologists
B. just start doing their sciences
C. stay in the forefront of science
D. are accomplished senior scientists
分析：原文提到会议话题是on topics that range from atomic physics to developmental biology，不能推出参会人就是physicists and biologists。这是利用同根词进行干扰，且片面武断推断。
原文提到During the long, free afternoons, graduate students mingled freely with professors可知参会者既有B选项just start doing their sciences的人，也有are accomplished senior scientists。B和D都只谈到其中一方，不全面。
原文谈到these week-long meetings are designed to promote intimate, informal discussions of frontier science.刚好和C选项是同义替换。因此正确选项一定是对原文句子的同义替换。
2. Speaking of the summer Nucleic Acids Gordon Conference, the author thinks highly of______.
A. the personalities of senior scientists
B. the question period after each talk
C. the austere facilities around
D. the week-long duration
分析：此题是考察作者参加此类会议的经历。C和D选项都是当时会议的特点，但不是作者高度赞扬的内容。
此题出题目的主要是考察长难句As a beginning scientist, I found the question period after each talk especially fascinating, providing valuable insights into the personalities and ways of thinking of many senior scientists whom I had not encountered previously.
这个句子的主干是I found the question period after each talk especially fascinating，providing…previously是现在分词做原因状语，解释为什么每次演讲后的提问环节有趣的原因，因此就可以排除A，选择B选项了。因此我们需要能够熟练分析长难句，找出主干和修饰成分。
总之，我们阅读时不能孤立地一句句翻译，而是通过主题建立起每个句子之间的联系和逻辑。做题时需要分析每个选项设置错误选项的原因和正确选项的定位。
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